New federal regulations released Friday will prevent colleges and coaches from suspending athletes accused of sexual misconduct while school officials investigate complaints against them.
The due process provision is one of several outlined in the U.S. Department of Education's final version of regulations governing how K-12 schools, colleges and universities respond to complaints of sexual harassment and violence under Title IX. The regulations, a draft version of which the Biden administration proposed in June 2022, are scheduled to go into effect Aug. 1.
Friday's release did not include provisions regarding the eligibility of transgender athletes, which had been included in an earlier Department of Education proposal. Officials separated that issue from the broader Title IX rules, and those regulations are not expected until after November's presidential election. Asked during a call with reporters Thursday whether the delay was politically motivated, a senior administration official said those rules have a separate process, which is several months behind.
The due process provision was originally adopted in 2020 under the Trump administration by former education secretary Betsy DeVos. While it has been championed by male athletes facing accusations and organizations advocating for stronger due process protections, it has been decried and criticized by survivors and their supporters for intimidating those who report violations and putting other students at risk.
When asked about the due process provision, the senior administration official said Thursday that to remove a student from an athletic team, or any activity, before a finding of responsibility is an unfair burden.
The provision has been an issue in several recent cases involving athletes. Illinois basketball player Terrence Shannon Jr. sued the school in January stating that officials made a rushed and unfair decision to suspend him after his Dec. 28 arrest in Lawrence, Kansas, where he was charged with rape.
In the lawsuit, Shannon's attorneys cited the provision in DeVos' regulations that states a school "may not suspend or remove the accused from an education program or activity pending a determination of responsibility at the conclusion of a grievance process," unless school officials determine that he poses an immediate threat of health or safety, which the lawsuit states did not occur.
A week ago, Illinois closed its investigation into the alleged assault, citing insufficient evidence. Shannon dismissed the lawsuit. His criminal case is ongoing, with a hearing scheduled for May 10.
The new Department of Education regulations also address what has been a conflict among Title IX administrators at many universities, especially for high-profile athlete cases: what to do when they are trying to investigate a complaint of sexual assault at the same time as law enforcement, especially when police or prosecutors ask them to hold off.
Education department officials have noticed this problem as well, the senior administration official said Thursday, noting that the final rule emphasizes the need for a "prompt" process even while a criminal justice process is pending. The official added that while some aspects of the case may need to be paused, not all of them should be put on hold and not indefinitely.
The final rule undoes several DeVos administration regulations, including expanding the scope of what schools must investigate. It also changes a controversial rule directing schools to conduct live hearings with cross-examination, instead allowing colleges and universities to have investigators question parties individually or during a live hearing in which each party can submit questions.
It also instructs schools to return to the "preponderance of evidence" standard -- also known as the 51% threshold -- to determine whether evidence supports a finding of misconduct. The previous rule allowed universities to use the higher "clear and convincing" standard without condition, which the Biden administration says the school can use only if it is also applied in other proceedings.
Richard Olshak, the director of Title IX and student conduct compliance at Texas A&M and a member of the advisory board of the national Association of Title IX Administrators, wrote in an email Friday after he reviewed the new regulations that Title IX practitioners and athletic departments have seen both positive and negative implications of the new rule.
"From the lens of a Title IX Coordinator, we don't want athletics taking actions that impugn or undermine the perception of our process and can be perceived as punishing or retaliatory," Olshak wrote. "This issue now becomes more complicated with the rise of NIL and a property interest that seems to be in some conflict with the long-held idea that participation in athletics is a privilege as opposed to a right."
Olshak said that, overall, the new regulations "have hit a better landing spot" than those from the Obama administration, which he wrote had failed to bring people together to consider different points of view, or the Trump education department, which sought a "pseudo-criminal" process that tended to protect schools and accused students.
During the call with reporters Thursday, education secretary Miguel Cardona said the new regulations "make it crystal clear everyone can access schools that are safe, welcoming and that respect their rights. They clarify that Title IX's prohibition of sex discrimination includes all forms of sex discrimination."
Emma Grasso Levine, the senior manager of Title IX policy and programs at Know Your IX, praised the new regulations.
"After years of pressure from students and survivors of sexual violence, the Biden Administration's Title IX update will make schools safer and more accessible for young people, many of whom experienced irreparable harm while they fought for protection and support," Grasso Levine said in a statement.
Despite the favorable rule regarding athlete suspension, FIRE, one of the nation's most prominent student due process groups, criticized the overall changes.
"Justice is only possible when hearings are fair for everyone," FIRE legal director Will Creeley said in a statement. "So today's regulations mean one thing: America's college students are less likely to receive justice if they find themselves in a Title IX proceeding."