For AM Ghazanfar, the future is now

It was July 2022. The Shpageeza League, Afghanistan's domestic T20 tournament was being played at the Kabul Cricket stadium. At around 1am in the morning one day, AM Ghazanfar got a call from Atta Mohammad, one of his older brothers, who asked Ghazanfar to be ready to report to the stadium the next day to join the Mis Ainak Knights squad.

Ghazanfar was a net bowler for Knights at the time. The team was looking to replace former Pakistan left-arm fast bowler Mir Hamza, who had gone back home. During a nets session, the captain, Asghar Afghan, impressed with Ghazanfar's bowling, asked if he could bowl with the new ball. Barely 16 then, Ghazanfar said yes, leading to the late-night call-up.

The next morning, though, the security at the ground would not allow Ghazanfar to enter as he was not authorised for access. Eventually Knights' manager secured him entry. Ghazanfar, upon coming in, noticed the team were in a huddle. "I was late and I was worried about what Asghar Afghan would say to me," Ghazanfar says with a smile on a Zoom chat recorded a day after he made his T20I debut, against Pakistan, during the tri-series between Pakistan, Afghanistan and the UAE earlier this month.

Ghazanfar changed quickly into Knights gear and joined the team. His nerves vanished soon when Afghan told him he was playing. "Uff, bhai! I was under pressure, but I was proud at the same time," Ghazanfar says. "My confidence level was high and I told myself I could manage myself and everything else quickly. I told myself, this is your day, this is your opportunity."

He misremembers being Player of the Match on his debut in the Shpageeza league, against Boost Defenders; he took one wicket in his four overs in a four-run win for Defenders. It was in Knights' next match, against Hindukush Stars, where he took four wickets inside the powerplay, of which three came in the sixth over, that he won the award for his 4 for 15. "The game changed everything for me and my cricket," he says.

****

Last year was eventful for Ghazanfar. He made his debut for Afghanistan in ODIs, against Ireland in March 2024. In November, he became the third-youngest bowler to take a six-wicket haul in ODIs, after only Waqar Younis and Rashid Khan, when he picked up 6 for 26 against Bangladesh. He followed that up with another five-for against Zimbabwe in December, putting him on another list with those two bowling greats - as only the third bowler in men's cricket to take more than one five-for before turning 19.

Earlier that month Ghazanfar played four matches in three days, shuttling through the UAE, featuring in both the Under-19 Asia Cup in Dubai and the AD T10 in Abu Dhabi. In the last week of the year, he made his Test debut - also his first first-class match - stepping in for Rashid Khan, who missed the first Test, in Bulawayo, due to back and hamstring issues.

As Afghanistan prepped for the match, Hashmatullah Shahidi, Afghanistan's Test captain, checked in with Ghazanfar about whether he was ready to play a Test, considering he had never played red-ball cricket. "He said, 'You can do it, seriously?' I said, 'Yes, I can,'" Ghazanfar said. Later, alone in his room, Ghazanfar stayed up late to strategise and get himself mentally ready for the big game.

He speaks about an inner confidence that has allowed him to handle his and others' expectations across the three formats. "My mind is such that red-ball, white-ball doesn't matter. The target is to bowl wicket to wicket. My match starts once the batsman engages with me face to face. I will not think this is white-ball, this is red-ball, this is T10. I like to plan and engage with the batsman's plans."

Bowling in the Test, on a flat deck, was not easy. "They made such a wicket that two or three of their batters went to sleep on it," Ghazanfar laughs. "Both Hashmat Shahidi and Rahmat Shah also scored double-centuries. The wicket was flat and the ground was heavy, but I got four wickets still."

****

Ghazanfar comes from Zurmat district in Paktia province in eastern Afghanistan. The youngest of ten children, he started playing tennis-ball cricket around 2019. His parents live in Zurmat, while a few of his brothers run the family business, which is spread between Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan.

At 13, when he joined the Saleem Karwan Cricket Academy in Kabul, he did everything: opened the batting, bowled fast, bowled spin. His coach at the academy, Roze Khan Zurmetai, suggested he stuck to spin bowling. It was a major turning point. In about three months, Ghazanfar says, he ended up being the highest wicket-taker in the U-16 age group in Afghanistan (though records are unavailable to verify the statistic). "Before that, while I had the skills, I did not know exactly how to use them. But the coach said my skill lies in bowling spin and I should stick to that. I focused on that, worked hard, and with the grace of God, got the results."

Ghazanfar's bowling run-up comprises nine steps, starting with a hop and skip, and he runs through the crease to deliver with a fastish arm action, in the Rashid or Mujeeb Ur Rahman mould. Batters have found it hard to read his stock ball and his variations out of his hand.

Ghazanfar was lured by the magic of the wrong'un early on. "I started bowling the googly and the carrom ball but the googly was my strength. But as I started to train and bowl a lot, I started trialling backspin and offspin with the carrom ball and googly. Slowly, slowly, I started improving with practice."

The offbreak, arm ball and flipper are his other variations. Ghazanfar credits his fast-tracked growth to former Afghanistan fast bowler Dawlat Ahmadzai, who he says helped developed his spin craft and with the mental aspect of the game.

Ahmadzai, who has mentored several young Afghan talents, including Rashid, as well as the current opening pair of Rahmanullah Gurbaz and Ibrahim Zadran, was head coach at the Mohammad Mirza Katawazai Cricket Centre in Kabul in 2022 when Ghazanfar's brother Atta approached him, keen for him to look at his younger brother. "When I spoke to Ghazanfar for the first time, he told me he had started as a fast bowler," Ahmadzai, who is currently head coach of East Bay Blazers in Minor League Cricket in the USA, and a former chairman of selectors for Afghanistan, says. "I asked him to bowl in the nets. Then I looked at his hands and felt he had the fingers meant for a good spin bowler. The middle finger on his bowling hand is strong and long and is the key driver of his variations. He also is tall and has strong shoulders."

Ahmadzai worked on Ghazanfar for nearly a year, from the basics of his run-up and action to teaching him the importance of backspin, helping him read cues from batters and telling him how to confound them. "He improved my skills a lot, teaching me how I can utilise my skills and when, and the kind of things I always need to pay attention to during my training and during the match," Ghazanfar says.

****

As a fingerspinner with multiple variations, Ghazanfar has quickly edged out the competition, including some of Afghanistan's other mystery spinners, to earn places in prominent T20 leagues. He grabbed headlines during the IPL 2025 mega auction, when five-time champions Mumbai Indians bought him for Rs 4.8 crore (US$570,000 approximately). However, he did not feature in the tournament because of a back injury - a lumbar fracture that took several months to heal - that had its origins in the marathon spells he bowled in the Zimbabwe Test.

He travelled to India, though and spent time with the Mumbai Indians squad. MI's scouts had been tracking him for a while by then. "In 2023 I was playing for Afghanistan U-19 in the UAE. Rahul bhai [former India left-arm spinner Rahul Sanghvi, a long-serving senior MI official and scout] wanted me to attend trials at the ICC Cricket Academy. I did well, and they told me they would look at me at least as a back-up bowler during the 2024 season. I was very happy because to play the IPL is every youngster's armaan. [wish]"

He could not get a visa as a net bowler for MI, but he did end up going to the 2024 IPL after Kolkata Knight Riders picked him up as a replacement for Mujeeb, who was injured. "I was waiting to get picked as a net bowler but instead I got picked by a team. I couldn't have been more happy," Ghazanfar says.

He didn't get a game for KKR that season, but says the experience made him a better cricketer and also got him a good pay packet at the 2025 auction. KKR won the 2024 IPL, so Ghazanfar came back home that year with a medal, but he says his learnings trumped that. He spoke to spin greats like Sunil Narine and R Ashwin that season. "Having been there for big matches, including the IPL final, I saw up close how players were dealing with pressure. That was very significant for me," he says.

Gautam Gambhir, who returned as KKR mentor in 2024. "He gave me a lot of support. He said, 'Your future is bright.' [He said] that I should focus on my batting, which will come handy in the long run. He would stand behind me during my bowling at training and offer tips. He also said he would ensure KKR got me back for the 2025 season."

The franchise did bid hard for Ghazanfar but pulled out at the Rs 4.6-crore mark. "My kismet was with Mumbai," he says with a smile. He expects to be retained by Mumbai for the 2026 season but still has fond memories of celebrating his 19th birthday with the franchise. "Tilak Varma mere saath jyada zulm kiya" [Tilak Varma did me especially dirty] Ghazanfar laughs, running a hand across his face to mimic how the Mumbai and India batter smeared cake all over it.

Tilak was already acquainted with Ghazanfar, having played against him in the semi-final of the Emerging Teams Asia Cup in October 2024. Tilak was leading India A, who lost that match by 20 runs. Ghazanfar played a role in that defeat, getting the India opening pair of Abhishek Sharma and Prabhsimran Singh out cheaply.

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Vitality Blast (@vitalityblast)

Ghazanfar says he told the Afghanistan A think tank that he wanted to open the bowling against India. "I want to confront challenges. The wicket was seamer-friendly and the coaches were not sure if I could be effective. But I said I can. I told the captain, 'Give me the ball.' Like I said, I had learned and seen how to control a pressure situation during the [2024] IPL final. That came in handy."

Afghanistan won the tournament, defeating Sri Lanka A in the final, in which Ghazanfar was Player of the Match, taking two wickets in his four overs.

Across the 45 T20s he played till the 2025 Asia Cup, a little under 60% of Ghazanfar's overs have come in the powerplay, where he has picked up 32 wickets at an economy rate of 6.39. "My skills are more suitable for the new ball. With the hard seam I can utilise that for good turn as well as swing," he says.

****

Ghazanfar took two wickets for five runs numbers two months ago for Derbyshire in their win against Yorkshire in the T20 Blast. In that match in Leeds, he opened the bowling and had Jonny Bairstow bowled on the fifth ball of the match. "I overheard Bairstow talking to Dawid Malan, saying he was unable to pick me. I told myself this is my opportunity for me to then trick him. I bowled one ball that moved away and the next drifted in. He was bowled by a ball I had imparted backspin on. It was an important spell for me because it gave me confidence coming back from injury."

The Blast was the first tournament Ghazanfar played since his injury and he was nervous. When he arrived in England in May, it was chilly. "I don't like cold weather," he says laughing. "I struggled to find rhythm in the first four or five matches. Also, I was worried about stretching too much, because at the back of my mind I was still worried about the injury recurring. But as the weather improved [I also] warmed up."

Derbyshire had a forgettable Blast, but Ghazanfar finished with 16 wickets in 14 matches at an economy of just over 7.